CIO2 Solution
Chlorine dioxide has become a well-known name in the world of disinfection. From purifying water to disinfecting the air, it's a powerful solution for killing bacteria, viruses, and even mold. But have you ever wondered how chlorine dioxide is made?
In this guide, we’ll break it down in a simple, easy-to-understand way — no chemistry degree required!
Chlorine dioxide is a yellow-green gas used in low concentrations for disinfection. Unlike household bleach, it doesn’t produce harmful byproducts when used properly. It kills germs by disrupting the cell walls of bacteria and viruses, making it extremely effective.
Convenience and cost-effectiveness are the two big reasons. Making it yourself allows you to have a fresh, potent disinfectant ready when you need it — for water purification, air disinfection, or surface cleaning.
Before you begin, a word of caution:
Always work in a well-ventilated area.
Wear gloves and protective eyewear.
Never mix chlorine dioxide in closed containers.
Keep it away from children and pets.
There are a couple of ways to make chlorine dioxide, but the most common involves two key ingredients:
Sodium chlorite (NaClO₂) – usually available as a 25% solution.
A mild acid – such as citric acid (50% solution), hydrochloric acid (4-5%), or vinegar (5%).
You’ll also need:
A glass or plastic mixing container (no metal!)
Measuring spoons or droppers
Gloves and safety goggles
When sodium chlorite is mixed with an acid, it releases chlorine dioxide gas. Here’s a simplified version:
Sodium Chlorite + Acid → Chlorine Dioxide Gas
Think of it like combining baking soda and vinegar — only this reaction gives off a gas that disinfects.
Here’s a basic DIY method:
Step-by-step Instructions:
In a non-metal container, add 1 drop of 25% sodium chlorite.
Add 1 drop of 4-5% hydrochloric acid (or 50% citric acid solution).
Wait about 30 seconds – you’ll see a yellowish color. This means chlorine dioxide is forming.
Add the mix to distilled water (about 100ml) for a usable solution.
There are ready-to-use chlorine dioxide kits available online or in health supply stores. These usually come with pre-measured bottles:
Bottle A – Sodium chlorite
Bottle B – Activator (acid)
Just mix equal parts (typically a few drops each) and wait for the reaction.
This method is safer and more reliable for beginners.
For disinfection, here are a few general guidelines:
Air disinfection: Use 20-40 ppm (parts per million)
Surface disinfection: 50-200 ppm
Water purification: 0.1-2 ppm
Always dilute with water after generating chlorine dioxide gas to reach the proper ppm levels.
Store in dark, sealed plastic bottles (never metal).
Keep in a cool, dark place.
Use it within 24–48 hours — it degrades quickly.
Mixing in a sealed container – dangerous pressure build-up.
Using metal tools – they can react with the chemical.
Incorrect ratios – too strong can be harmful, too weak won’t work.
Storing it too long – chlorine dioxide loses power over time.
Chlorine dioxide can be released into the air to disinfect enclosed spaces. For small areas, people use slow-releasing gel or tablets that release low levels of gas over hours.
Alternatively:
Mix the solution
Place it in an open container in a vacated room
Leave the room for a few hours to let the gas do its job
Ventilate well afterward
Water treatment: Removes harmful pathogens
Mold removal: Effective against spores
Food sanitation: Used in food processing facilities
Dental care: Found in mouth rinses and gels
Laundry disinfectant: Especially in healthcare settings
One reason chlorine dioxide is popular is because it breaks down into harmless byproducts — mainly salt and water. This makes it more environmentally friendly than many other chemicals.
Still, avoid dumping high concentrations into drains or natural water sources.
Chlorine dioxide is a powerful and versatile disinfectant, and with the right knowledge, you can make it safely at home. Whether you're purifying water, disinfecting surfaces, or even cleaning the air, understanding how it works and how to handle it goes a long way.
1. Is it safe to make chlorine dioxide at home?
Yes, but only in small amounts and with proper safety precautions. Always work in a ventilated area and use protective gear.
2. Can I store chlorine dioxide for later use?
Yes, but it loses strength quickly. Use it within 24–48 hours and store in a sealed plastic container, away from light.
3. What’s the difference between bleach and chlorine dioxide?
Bleach is sodium hypochlorite, while chlorine dioxide is a gas. Chlorine dioxide is more effective at killing certain germs and doesn’t leave harmful residues.
4. Can I use chlorine dioxide for COVID-19 disinfection?
It has been used in some settings for air and surface disinfection, but always follow local health guidelines and consult professionals.
5. Can chlorine dioxide be harmful to breathe?
Yes, in high concentrations. Always avoid inhaling the gas directly. Use it in unoccupied areas and ventilate well afterward.
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